Figure 4

YO-PRO-1 permeabilization of Jurkat T lymphoblast cells exposed to nanoelectropulses with different electric field amplitudes. Fluorescence microscopic images were captured 15 minutes after Jurkat cells in growth medium containing YO-PRO-1 (1.0 μM) were exposed to 50, 15 ns pulses at 50 Hz with electric field values of 0, 2, 4 and 6 MV/m. The fluorescence intensity change for each condition was measured by photometric integration. Each data point is from at least 300 representative cells from three independent experiments. Error bars represent the standard error of the sample mean.